Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. Jan 04, 2014 today, after two weeks of fighting in south sudan that is believed to have killed more than 1,000 people, representatives from both the government and rebel forces met in ethiopia to discuss the. South sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20. After months of delays and deadlock, bitter rivals salva kiir and riek machar finally clinched an agreement to. While the hsba has made every effort to confirm the facts, the rapidly evolving security situation in south sudan makes independent verification of all events impossible. South sudan faces famine, potential genocide in civil war. The civil war in south sudan has resulted in some of the most severe, deliberate violence against civilians since the rwandan genocide. After nearly three years of civil war, south sudan has ceased to perform even the. The south sudanese civil war is an ongoing civil war in south sudan fought between government forces led by president salva kiir and the splmio sudan peoples liberation movement in opposition. Today, after two weeks of fighting in south sudan that is believed to have killed more than 1,000 people, representatives from both the government and rebel forces met in ethiopia to discuss the. Anyanya is a nuerbacked separatist movement that has long struggled against the predominantly dinkabacked spla. Many attempts at ceasefires and peace deals have failed in south sudan. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. South sudan gained independence from sudan on 9 july 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement that ended africas longestrunning civil war.
African studies quarterly volume 16, issue 34 december 2016. In south sudan there are a total of 64 different ethnic groups. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Now in its fifth year, south sudans current conflict has displaced 4. Through its development aid, the eu also helps to strengthen the national health system. China and south sudans civil war, 202015 african studies. The new civil war in south sudan began in december 20. The second sudanese civil war was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation army.
By january, malakal the second largest city in south sudan is destroyed and deserted. The untold story from independence to civil war johnson, hilde f. Mar 25, 2017 the country of south sudan gained its independence from sudan in 2011, but two years later, this new nation of 11 million people became embroiled in civil war. Civil war, including the south sudan defense forces ssdf. The conflict in december 20 reopened deeplyrooted political and ethnic tensions that hadnt yet been reconciled in the young country and those divisions have continued. He was asked a question that has taken on deadly importance in the worlds. It was largely a continuation of the first sudanese civil war of 1955 to 1972. South sudans civil war, which began in december 20, continued in 2016 with serious abuses against civilians by both government forces and opposition fighters despite a peace agreement signed. Civil war officially broke out in december 20, sparked by. Darlington mutanda university of zimbabwe, history department war and strategic studies unit p. The genesis, dynamics and effects of the civil war in south sudan mr. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. South sudan, civil war, power struggle, ethnic violence, international conflict. The south sudan defence forces in the wake of the juba declaration.
Malakal residents who survived the fighting fled to neighboring towns or the u. Geneva, small arms survey graduate institute of international and development. The most serious threat to south sudans security prior to. On 15 december 20 the worlds newest state descended into civil war. Aug 06, 2018 south sudan gained independence from sudan on 9 july 2011 as the outcome of a 2005 agreement that ended africas longestrunning civil war. South sudan has now been at war for five of its seven years of existence, and there is no end in sight. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. South sudan marks 5 years of vicious civil war more than 4 million people have been uprooted by the bloodletting, the majority of whom are children, according to unicef. South sudans return to violence in december 20 poses questions.
Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. South sudan crisis facts conflict in south sudan mercy corps. The disintegration of the military integration process in. This timeline is based on a range of sources, including key informant interviews and public reporting.
South sudan as regional pawn 2 the red sea arena 4 rebooting us policy to support conflict resolution and regional stability 5 conclusion 8 payton knopf south sudans civil war and conflict dynamics in the red sea summary the regional political and security dynamics that surround south sudans ongoing civil war. Fullscale civil war broke out in south sudan december 20. South sudan is the product of a painful history of struggles for selfdetermination characterised by protracted wars while it was still territorially an integral part of sudan. It soon proved to be a disaster for the population, a threat to the integrity of the worlds youngest state and an embarrassment and.
Humanitarian costs of south sudan conflict still escalating. Dec 15, 2018 south sudan marks 5 years of vicious civil war more than 4 million people have been uprooted by the bloodletting, the majority of whom are children, according to unicef. That deal, known as the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, paved the way for national elections and a southern referendum on independence, after which south sudan, led by the splm in juba, seceded on july 9, 2011. This report presents the findings of investigations and documentation conducted by the human rights division of the united nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since 15.
A year of south sudans third civil war sage journals. Pdf the new civil war in south sudan began in december 20. Aug 06, 2018 1978 oil discovered in unity state in southern sudan second civil war. Nov 30, 2017 recognising the risks of an allout regional war, and concerned at destabilization as south sudanese refugees poured into the historically volatile gambella region in western ethiopia, ethiopia moved quickly in late 20 and early 2014 to attempt to resolve the conflict in south sudan. Juba resident gatluak kual, who has bullet wounds in both arms and a prosthetic foot from the 20year battle that split sudan and created an independent south two years ago under president salva.
But a 2018 peace agreement, signed five years after the 20 conflict began, has inspired hope for a lasting peace treaty. Apr 20, 2020 learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. Sep 14, 2016 understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. The ssdf has alternately opposed and collaborated with the spla united nations mission in south sudan unmissa, 2014. Pdf with the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only examine the status of the civil war that has engulfed. Final report of the panel of experts on south sudan established pursuant to security council resolution 2206 2015 summary the civil war in south sudan, which began as a political conflict between elites, has evolved over the past two years into a tribal war, reigniting historic grievances and encouraging military opportunism and revenge. A brief history of the civil war in south sudan comboni.
Timeline of recent intrasouthern conflict hsba for sudan. This article addresses the social and political implications of wartime and postwar resource capture in south sudan. South sudan president salva kiir attends a south sudan peace meeting as part of talks to negotiate an end to a civil war that broke out in 20, in khartoum, sudan june 25, 2018. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. South sudan became the youngest nation in the world after splitting from the larger sudan to become the republic of south sudan in 2011. South sudan marks 5 years of vicious civil war abc news. Examining the status of the south sudan civil war and discussing the. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. South sudan european civil protection and humanitarian aid. A major step toward ending south sudans civil war crisis group. Since 2018, the eu has also contributed to actions in south sudan that strengthen ebola prevention and preparedness actions in the country. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. The first civil war in sudan that started at independence from britain in 1956 pitted anyaanya rebels in southern sudan, who were mostly african christian and animist.
Since civil war broke out in south sudan in december 20, over 50,000 people have been killedpossibly as many as 383,000, according to a recent estimateand nearly four million people have. South sudan peace deal offers promising end to conflict. South sudan rivals sign peace agreement in khartoum reuters. South sudans constitution of 2011 with amendments through 20. Dec 23, 20 a week ago, simon k, a 20yearold student living in the capital of south sudan, was arrested by men in military uniforms. He was asked a question that has taken on deadly importance in. However, their independence, like that of other countries in the world, came with a huge human cost following decades of intense conflict between the arab north and the nonarab south. Alarming violence against civilians, december 24, 20. The country of south sudan gained its independence from sudan in 2011, but two years later, this new nation of 11 million people became embroiled in. Those who never broke away sometimes felt that preferential treatment had been given to those who did, and that rebels were being rewarded for their rebellion. More than 115 aid workers have been killed in south sudan since the start of the civil war in 20. Continuing fighting has displaced more than 1,000,000 and killed over 10,000 while a humanitarian crisis threatens many more.
South sudan was once a semiindependent region in sudan, only recently gaining independence as a country in 2011, after a brutal civil war that lasted more than 25 years. Pdf a year of south sudans third civil war researchgate. Box mp 167 mt pleasant, harare mphil student and assistant lecturer in the war and strategic studies unit at the university of zimbabwe. In december 20, south sudans military integration process faced its most serious challenge, as a political crisis that had been developing throughout the year within the ruling sudan peoples liberation movement splm suddenly escalated, dragging the country into civil war. Made up of the 10 southernmost states of sudan, south. Although americans see little of south sudan on the nightly news, for nearly five years south sudanese civilians have been subjected to mass killing, widespread sexual violence, torture, and other atrocities. It soon proved to be a disaster for the population, a threat to the integrity of the. At this particular moment, the main parties involved in the ongoing civil war are troops of president salva kiir representing the government and the opposing forces are of former vice president machar. Geneva, small arms survey graduate institute of international and development studies. Other minor rebel groups include the shilluk, bari, zande, balanda etc. Hence there were serious concerns both within the spla leadership and the government in south sudan that the significant downsizing of the spla would undermine spla morale munive 20a and negatively affect its dominant political influence within south sudan, as well as its privileged access to resources. South sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. A week ago, simon k, a 20yearold student living in the capital of south sudan, was arrested by men in military uniforms.
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